Continuing Education Instructions and Disclosure Information:

Contact hours available until 2/28/2025.

Requirements for Successful Completion:
Complete the learning activity in its entirety and complete the online nursing continuing professional development evaluation. You will be able to print your NCPD certificate after you complete the evaluation.

Disclosure of relevant financial relationships with ineligible companies (planners, faculty, reviewers, authors):

Editorial Board Disclosures:
Paula Dutka, MSN, RN, CNN, disclosed that she is a coordinator of clinical trials for the following spon¬sors: Amgen, Rockwell Medical, Keryx Biopharmaceuticals, Akebia Therapeutics, and Dynavax Technologies.

All other members of the Editorial Board had no actual or potential conflict of interest in relation to this continuing nursing education activity.

Author(s) Disclosures:
The author(s) reported no actual or potential conflict of interest.

Commercial Support:
No commercial support declared.

This article was reviewed and formatted for contact hour credit by Beth Ulrich, EdD, RN, FACHE, FAONL, FAAN, Nephrology Nursing Journal Editor-in-Chief, and Cynthia Calabrese, MSN, RN, NPD-BC, RN-BC, ANNA Director of Education Services.

Accreditation Statement:
The American Nephrology Nurses Association (ANNA) is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.

ANNA is an approved provider of continuing nursing education by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP 17499.

This NCPD article meets the Nephrology Nursing Certification Commission’s (NNCC’s) continuing nursing education requirements for certification and recertification.

ANNA urges participants to be aware of the CE requirements for re-licensure in the states in which they hold a license.

Learning Outcome:
After completing this learning activity, the learner will be able to identify the relationship between serum sodium level and osmolality or tonicity, the importance of fluid volume status in the setting of low serum sodium and low serum osmolality, and the process for evaluating hyponatremia.

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