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Objectives:

Compare and contrast the different forms in which calcium is found in the body.
Discuss the homeostasis of calcium by the bone, intestine, and the kidney.
Describe the mechanism(s) of calcium transport in the proximal tubule, the thick ascending limb of Henle, and the distal tubule.
List the effect of PTH, Vitamin D3, and calcitonin on the renal control of calcium.

Editor's Note: This article is a continuation of a renal physiology series in the Nephrology Nursing Journal. The articles, which offer continuing education credits and are updates of manuscripts that previously appeared in the journal, are written by experts in nephrology and contain the most up-to-date information and research available.

David Guthrie

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